Synthetic and artificial gemstones
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Some gemstones are manufactured to imitate other gemstones. For
example, cubic zirconia is a synthetic diamond simulant composed of
zirconium oxide. The imitations copy the look and colour of the real
stone but possess neither their chemical nor physical
characteristics. However, true synthetic gemstones are not
necessarily imitation. For example, diamonds, ruby, sapphires and
emeralds have been manufactured in labs, which possess very nearly
identical chemical and physical characteristics to the genuine
article. Synthetic corundums, including ruby and sapphire, are very
common and they cost only a fraction of the natural stones. Smaller
synthetic diamonds have been manufactured in large quantities as
industrial abrasives for many years. Only recently, larger synthetic
diamonds of gemstone quality, especially of the coloured variety,
have been manufactured. |
Gemstone list
There are over 130 species of minerals that have been cut
into gems with 50 species in common use. These include:
Agate
Alexandrite and other varieties of chrysoberyl
Amethyst (originally a "cardinal gem", but now no longer so,
since huge quantities were discovered in Brazil and the
price plummeted)
Aquamarine and other varieties of beryl
Chrysocolla
Chrysoprase
Diamond
Emerald
Feldspar (moonstone)
Garnet
Hematite
Jade - jadeite and nephrite
Jasper
Kunzite
Lapis lazuli
Malachite
Obsidian
Olivine (Peridot)
Opal (Girasol)
Pyrite
Quartz and its varieties, such as tiger's-eye, citrine,
agate, and amethyst
Ruby
Sapphire
Spinel
Sugilite
Tanzanite and other varieties of zoisite
Topaz
Turquoise
Tourmaline
Zircon |
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